*Site:
From Xiphoid process to the level of umbilicus or below umbilicus.
* Indications:
1- Perforated G.B. or D.U.
2- Stomach.
3- Esophagus.
4- Pancreas.
* Layers opened:
1- Skin & Subcutaneous tissue.
2- Linea alba.
3- Fascia transversalis
4- Peritoneum.
N.B. : Fascia transversalis & peritoneum are opened as one layer.
* Layers closed:
1- Fascia transversalis & peritoneum as one layer.
2- Linea alba.
3- Skin & S.C. tissue.
* Advantages:
-Safe
- Accessible.
- Extensible.
- Not time consuming.
* Disadvantages:
Incisional hernia.
